TITLE

Breeding Ecology of the Marbled Murrelet in Washington State

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

March 2006

SHORT DESCRIPTION

To better understand the habitat needs, demographic performance, and genetic relatedness of Washington murrelets USFS  initiated a radiotelemetry study in 2004.

AUTHOR(S)

Thomas D. Bloxton, Jr. and Martin G. Raphael  

NUMBER OF PAGES

25

KEYWORDS

Marbled Murrelet, threatened species, ESA

WRIA

20-21

FILE NAME

Breeding_Ecology_Murrelet_2005

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Recovery Plan for the Coastal-Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment of Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Volume II (of II) Olympic Peninsula Management Unit (Draft)

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

May 2004

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The Olympic Peninsula Management Unit is one of two management units† comprising the Coastal-Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment† of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). The overall recovery implementation strategy for the Coastal-Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment is to integrate with ongoing Tribal, State, local, and Federal management and partnership efforts at the watershed† or regional scales. This coordination will maximize the opportunity for complementary actions, eliminate redundancy, and make the best use of available resources for bull trout and salmon recovery.

AUTHOR(S)

US Fish and Wildlife Service

NUMBER OF PAGES

297

KEYWORDS

Bull Trout, Olympic Penninsula, threatened species, ESA

WRIA

20-24

FILE NAME

Olympic_Penninsula_Bull_Trout_Recovery_Plan

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Hydrologic Perspective of Implications of Clearcutting on a Forested Slope Wetland

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2000

SHORT DESCRIPTION

This project seeks to determine the need for wetland protection by indirectly estimating the hydrologic effects of forest harvesting and the resulting rise in the water table level for a forested, slope wetland in western Washington. Differences between large and small storm wetland response will provide insight into what may happen after clearcutting of the basin feeding this wetland

AUTHOR(S)

Daniel Berlin

NUMBER OF PAGES

25

KEYWORDS

Hydrology, logging, clearcutting, wetland, habitat

WRIA

FILE NAME

Hydrologic_Perspective_Clearcutting_2000

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Impacts of climate change on key aspects of freshwater salmon habitat in Washington State

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2009

SHORT DESCRIPTION

This study evaluates the sensitivity of Washington State’s freshwater habitat of Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to climate change. Our analysis focuses on summertime stream temperatures, seasonal low flows, and changes in the frequency and magnitude of peak flow events because these physical factors are likely to be key pressure points for many salmon populations in Washington State.

AUTHOR(S)

Nathan Mantua, Ingrid Tohver, and Alan Hamlet

NUMBER OF PAGES

68

KEYWORDS

Climate change, freshwater salmon, hydrology

WRIA

FILE NAME

Impacts_Climate_Change_Salmon_2009

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Pacific Salmon, Nutrients, and the Dynamics of Freshwater and Riparian Ecosystems

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2002

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) accumulate substantial nutrients in their bodies as they grow to adulthood at sea. These nutrients are carried to predominantly oligotrophic lakes and streams, where they are released during and after spawning.  This article addresses three related topics. First, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the linkages among MD-nutrients, freshwater (including riparian) ecosystems, and community dynamics by addressing the importance of MD-nutrients to lakes and streams and by then reviewing large-scale and long-term processes in the atmosphere and ocean that govern variability in salmon populations. Second, we evaluate the validity of the discoveries and their implications for active ecosystem management, noting areas where extrapolation from these results still requires great caution. Finally, we outline five key research issues where additional discoveries could greatly augment our understanding of the processes shaping the structure and dynamics of salmon populations and the characteristics of their freshwater habitat and associated riparian zones.

AUTHOR(S)

Robert J. Naiman, Robert E. Bilby, Daniel E. Schindler, and James M. Helfield

NUMBER OF PAGES

19

KEYWORDS

anadromous fishes; Pacific salmon; Oncorhynchus; marine nutrients; stable isotopes; lake; stream; riparian ecosystems; aquatic productivity; resource management.

WRIA

FILE NAME

Pacific_Salmon_Nutrients_and_Dynamics_of_Freshwater_Riparian_Ecosystems

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Impacts of Logging on Benthic Community Structure in Selected Watersheds of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The objective of the study was to determine whether the cumulative effects of logging (i.e., sediment deposition, canopy removal, changes in organic detritus) correlate with changes in abundance of the benthic community structure of Olympic Peninsula streams. 

AUTHOR(S)

Lawrence J. Wasserman, Carl J. Cederholm, Ernest O. Salo

NUMBER OF PAGES

45

KEYWORDS

Benthic community, logging, hydrology

WRIA

FILE NAME

Impact_Logging_Benthic_Olympic_1980

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Importance of the Washington Coast in Salmon Recovery

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

February 2003

SHORT DESCRIPTION

With the exception of Lake Ozette sockeye and certain bull trout populations, Washington’s coastal salmon populations from Cape Flattery in the north to Cape Disappointment in the south have not been listed under the ESA. Given the relatively healthy status of these populations and the more limited risks to their continued health, maintaining the health of salmon populations along Washington’s Pacific coast is an important part of our prospects for overall, long-term success in preserving healthy runs of wild salmon.

AUTHOR(S)

Phillip E. Miller

NUMBER OF PAGES

5

KEYWORDS

Washington coast, salmon recovery, ESA

WRIA

20-24

FILE NAME

Importance_Washington_Coast_in_Salmon_Recovery

◄bibliography 

TITLE

LFA Washington State:  Salmon Habitat Limiting Factors in Washington State

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The purposes of this report are to provide a broader perspective of salmon habitat conditions and provide information across the state by habitat category, which is useful for those who are more interested in a particular type of habitat parameter rather than a specific stream. It shows how different habitat conditions vary by category across the state, and how land use and land ownership may play a role in habitat conditions. This report provides the following products: 1) a spreadsheet that provides at a glance all habitat ratings for the streams in all LFA reports, 2) maps and discussion of WRIA-scale ratings developed from the most frequent habitat ratings by category, 3) A discussion of the extent of data gaps for salmon habitat throughout Washington State, 4) the relationship of WRIA-wide habitat ratings results to land use and land ownership, and 5) a summary of salmonid stocks and stock status by basin.

AUTHOR(S)

Carol J. Smith, Washington State Conservation Commission

NUMBER OF PAGES

222

KEYWORDS

Limiting factors analysis, salmon

WRIA

1-45

FILE NAME

LFA_Washington_State_2005

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Monitoring Design for Forestry Module of the Governor’s Salmon Recovery Plan

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

July 2002

SHORT DESCRIPTION

This report was created by the Monitoring Design Team (MDT), which was formed in August 2000 to provide an overall design of the monitoring program for new forest practice rules based on the Forest and Fish Report (FFR). The monitoring program is the scientific part of an adaptive management program outlined in the FFR. This document provides a general plan for that monitoring program.  This monitoring design has three distinct but related components:

1. Prescription monitoring is used to evaluate the effectiveness of individual FFR prescriptions under a range of different physiographic conditions and evaluate alternative treatments for meeting resource objectives. Prescription monitoring consists of tracking the performance of individual or groups of prescriptions by measuring input processes and/or habitat indicators.

2. Extensive monitoring is used to evaluate the current status and future trends of key indicators of important input processes and habitat conditions statewide.

3. Intensive monitoring is designed primarily to address the cumulative effects of multiple forest practices. Intensively monitored watersheds could also be used to validatePerformance Targets and conduct applied research by concentrating monitoring and research efforts in a single location

AUTHOR(S)

Kate Benkert (USFWS); Bob Bilby (Weyerhaeuser); Bill Ehinger (DOE); Peter Farnum (Weyerhaeuser); Doug Martin (Martin Environmental); Steve McConnell (NWIFC); Roger Peters (USFWS); Tim Quinn (WDFW); Mary Raines (NWIFC); Steve Ralph (EPA); Dave Schuett-Hames (CMER)

NUMBER OF PAGES

93

KEYWORDS

Monitoring

WRIA

FILE NAME

Monitoring_Design_Forestry_Module_2002

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Olympic – Willapa Hills Wildlife Area 2008 Management Plan Update

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2008

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Update to the 2006 Olympic–Willapa Hills Wildlife Area Plan that provides management direction for the Olympic – Willapa Hills Wildlife Area Complex. The plan identifies needs and guides activities on the area based on the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Mission of “Sound Stewardship of Fish and Wildlife” and its underlying statewide goals and objectives as they apply to local conditions.

AUTHOR(S)

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

NUMBER OF PAGES

6

KEYWORDS

Habitat characterization, habitat management, habitat restoration, wildlife

WRIA

22-23, 24

FILE NAME

olympic-willapa_hills_2008update

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Olympic-Willapa Hills Wildlife Area Management Plan

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2006

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The Olympic–Willapa Hills Wildlife Area encompasses a total of 23 satellite units comprising of approximately 10,430 acres. Individual units were acquired, dating back to the early 1950’s, for their specific benefit for fish and wildlife diversity and recreational significance. These lands include a wide range of important fish and wildlife habitats including riparian, estuarine, freshwater wetland, old-growth/mature forest, upland meadow, and coastal prairie systems. Focus units include Olympic, Wynoochee, John’s River, Chinook, and Chehalis/Hoxit. The primary habitat and recreational management emphasis for each of these units is listed below:

Olympic-Elk winter forage, reduce elk damage in the lower valley

Wynoochee- Habitat mitigation, elk winter forage

John’s River-Estuary restoration, waterfowl habitat, benefits to wildlife and habitat

Chinook-Waterfowl habitat, elk winter forage, restore fish passage

Chehalis/Hoxit-Waterfowl habitat and recreation

AUTHOR(S)

Jim Gerchak, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

NUMBER OF PAGES

83

KEYWORDS

Habitat characterization, habitat management, habitat restoration, wildlife

WRIA

22-23, 24

FILE NAME

olympic-willapa_hills_plan-final

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Pacific Northwest Coast Ecoregional Assessment

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

August 2006

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The purpose of the Pacific Northwest Coast ecoregional conservation assessment was to identify an efficient suite of conservation sites that will contribute toward the long-term survival of all viable native plant and animal species and natural communities in the ecoregion. We were guided by the portfolio design procedures outlined in The Nature Conservancy’s “Designing a Geography of Hope” (TNC 2000).

AUTHOR(S)

Mallin, Karen

NUMBER OF PAGES

147

KEYWORDS

Habitat, assessment models, prioritized conservation targets

WRIA

FILE NAME

PNWCoast_Ecoregional_Assessment_TNC_2006

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Pacific Northwest Reservoir System

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

Unknown

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Map of reservoirs in Washington State

AUTHOR(S)

Unknown

NUMBER OF PAGES

1

KEYWORDS

Hydropower, reservoirs

WRIA

22-23

FILE NAME

Pacific_Northwest_Resevoir_System

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Protecting Anadromous Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest (Environmental Windows and the Endangered Species Act)

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2003

SHORT DESCRIPTION

PowerPoint slide presentation regarding dredging and impact to juvenile salmonids

AUTHOR(S)

Charles (“Si”) Simenstad, Wetland Ecosystem Team, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, UW

NUMBER OF PAGES

18 slides

KEYWORDS

Dredging, juvenile salmonids

WRIA

FILE NAME

Protecting_Anadromous_Salmonids_PNW_2003

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Quilcene, Quinault, and Makah National Fish Hatcheries Assessments and Recommendations

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

February 2009

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The report presented here provides benefit/risk assessments and recommendations for salmon and steelhead propagation programs conducted at Quilcene, Makah, and Quinault National Fish Hatcheries (NFH). Quilcene NFH is located on the Big Quilcene River along the western side of Hood Canal. Quinault NFH located on Cook Creek within the Quinault River watershed along the southern coast and Makah NFH on the Sooes River along the northern coast of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula.

AUTHOR(S)

Kern, Michael

NUMBER OF PAGES

KEYWORDS

Hatcheries, Makah National Fish Hatchery, Quinault National Fish Hatchery, biological significance, population viability, habitat conditions, harvest goals

WRIA

20, 21

FILE NAME

Olympic_Quilcene_Quinault_Makah_Hatcheries_Assessments_2009

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Recommendations and Supporting Analysis of Conservation Opportunities for the Marbled Murrelet Long-Term Conservation Strategy

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

September 2008

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Using quantitative methods, the Science Team evaluated two simplified forest land management scenarios for their ability to maximize over the life of the HCP the quality and quantity of marbled murrelet habitat on DNR-managed land on the Olympic Peninsula and in southwest Washington. These two scenarios, “No Management” and “Habitat Management”, simulated forest growth and consequent development of marbled murrelet habitat. Analysis suggests that DNR’s policies, in concert with the specific approach to marbled murrelet conservation, will result in improved inland habitat conditions in the Southwest Washington and Olympic Experimental State Forest Analysis Units. Projected habitat conditions improve under both scenarios, with DNR-managed lands doubling their potential capability to provide habitat for marbled murrelets in both analysis units. The Habitat Management scenario creates more potential habitat capability in Southwest Washington than the No Management scenario over the life of the HCP, while both scenarios perform equally well in the Olympic Experimental State Forest. Additional analysis is required in order to fine tune habitat development modeling, which will be undertaken during the development of alternatives to be considered by the Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during the development of the Long-Term Conservation Strategy.

AUTHOR(S)

M. G. Raphael, S. K. Nelson, P. Swedeen, M. Ostwald, K. Flotlin, S. Desimone, S. Horton,P. Harrison, D. Prenzlow Escene, and W. Jaross

NUMBER OF PAGES

337

KEYWORDS

Habitat, marbled murrelet, ESA, threatened species, recovery plan, habitat conservation plan

WRIA

20-24

FILE NAME

Recommendation_Murrelet_WDNR_2008

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Regional Hatchery Action Implementation Plan (HAIP) (Draft Framework Comprehensive Regional Management Plans, Component 1)

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

October 2008

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Describe the sequence of actions (through the year 2029) supported by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and western Washington treaty tribes to align salmon and steelhead artificial production programs with:

·         objectives for the status of salmon and steelhead populations

·         recovery plans;

·         recommendations of the Hatchery Scientific Review Group and other hatchery reviews;

·         environmental regulatory requirements;

·         sustainable fishery benefits; and

·         the Puget Sound Management Plan’s Equilibrium Brood Document and shared data requirements of the Hoh v. Baldrige Framework Management Plan.

AUTHOR(S)

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Western Washington Treaty Tribes

NUMBER OF PAGES

8

KEYWORDS

Hatcheries, management plan, salmon, steelhead

WRIA

20-23

FILE NAME

Regional_Hatchery(HAIP)_Draft_Framework_2008

◄bibliography 

TITLE

State of Our Watersheds Report (SSHIAP), WRIAS 1-23

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2004

SHORT DESCRIPTION

This “State of Our Watersheds” report is the first in a series of reports which will utilize existing data to depict status and trends in salmonid habitat within WRIA’s 1-23. (WRIA’s 2 and 6 are not included in this report at this time as SSHIAP data have not been developed for these two island watersheds).  We have used our own SSHIAP data, as well as data sets from WSDOE, WDFW, WCC, USGS, WADNR, IAC and others.  Our intent is to provide a simple, visual depiction of this data and to provide for comparisons between years and between watersheds. Future reports will include additional data and analyses as they become available.

AUTHOR(S)

Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission and Western Washington Treaty Tribes

NUMBER OF PAGES

51

KEYWORDS

Habitat, SSHIAP

WRIA

1-23

FILE NAME

SSHIAP_State_of_Our_Watersheds_Report_2004

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

State Perspective on Regional Salmon Recovery

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

March 2007

SHORT DESCRIPTION

The report describes the state’s perspective on salmon recovery regions and regional organizations.  Contains citation of pertinent state law.

AUTHOR(S)

Phillip Miller, Governor’s Salmon Recovery Office

NUMBER OF PAGES

3

KEYWORDS

Recovery planning, salmon recovery regions, regional organizations

WRIA

FILE NAME

State_Perspective_Regional_Organizations

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Summer Stream Temperatures in the Olympic Experimental State Forest, Washington

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

2004

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Summer stream temperatures were monitored in 49 forested watersheds on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, as part of the Department of Natural Resources Habitat Conservation Plan long-term monitoring efforts. Most of these streams were in DNR’s Olympic Experimental State Forest. Because a major aquatic conservation goal of the HCP is to return streams to a natural condition, some natural streams within the adjacent Olympic National Park were also monitored in order to compare them with OESF stream temperatures.

AUTHOR(S)

Michael M. Pollock, Sarah Baker; Richard Bigley, and Warren Scarlett  

NUMBER OF PAGES

17

KEYWORDS

Habitat, riparian, temperatures, monitoring, water quality standards

WRIA

20, 21

FILE NAME

Summer_Stream_Temps_Olympia_DNR_2004

 ◄bibliography

TITLE

Viable Salmonid Populations and the Recovery of Evolutionarily Significant Units

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

June 2000

SHORT DESCRIPTION

This document introduces the viable salmonid population (VSP) concept, identifies VSP attributes, and provides guidance for determining the conservation status of populations and larger-scale groupings of Pacific salmonids. The concepts outlined here are intended to serve as the basis for a general approach to performing salmonid conservation assessments. As a specific application, the VSP approach is intended help in the establishment of Endangered Species Act (ESA) delisting goals. This will aid in the formulation of recovery plans and can serve as interim guidance until such plans are completed.

AUTHOR(S)

Paul McElhany, Mary H. Rucklelshaus, Michael J. Ford, Thomas C. Wainwright, and Eric P. Bjorkstedt, US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service

NUMBER OF PAGES

174

KEYWORDS

Salmonid viability, recovery planning, ESA, delisting goals

WRIA

FILE NAME

Viable_Salmonid_Populations_Recovery_Evolutionary_Significant_Units

◄bibliography 

TITLE

Genetic Variation in Chinook, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, and Coho, O. Kisutch, Salmon from the North Coast of Washington

MONTH-YEAR PUBLISHED

1987

SHORT DESCRIPTION

We used starch-gel electrophoresis to genetically characterize the populations of Chinook salmon and Coho salmon in the major drainages of the north coast of Washington (the Quillayute, Hoh, Queets, and Quinault Rivers).  Tests suggested that distinct stocks of Coho salmon exist within these drainages and that the variation was not significantly greater among drainages than within drainages.  Enter drainage variation for wild Chinook salmon was not significant.  The data suggested that summer Chinook salmon were different from fall Chinook salmon and the hatchery populations of Chinook salmon were disdained from wild fish.  He hatchery population developed primarily from North Coast fish was more similar to wild Chinook than were the others.

AUTHOR(S)

R.R. Reisenbichler and S.R. Phelps (Fishery Bulletin: Vol. 85, No. 4)

NUMBER OF PAGES

21

KEYWORDS

Hatcheries, Chinook, coho, genetics

WRIA

20-21

FILE NAME

Genetic_Variation_Chinook_Coho_N_Coast_WA_2008

 ◄bibliography

Quillayute, Bogachiel, Dickey, Sol Duc, Calawah, Ho and Clearwater Rivers Off-Channel Fish Habitat Inventory July 2006